Decarbonizing Aviation: Practical Steps for Airports to Reduce Emissions

Aviation accounts for approximately 2.5% of global carbon emissions—with airports themselves playing a significant role in the industry's environmental footprint. While aircraft innovations and alternative fuels often grab headlines, airports hold unique operational levers to drive impactful emissions reductions across the entire aviation ecosystem.

Drawing from global best practices, here are six high-impact, actionable steps airports can take to accelerate their decarbonization journey:

Step 1: Transition to Renewable Energy Systems

Electrifying airport operations is foundational for decarbonization. From terminal functions to airfield lighting and ground systems, airports consume substantial energy—making the shift to renewables a priority for cutting Scope 1 and 2 emissions.

Key strategies include:

• Installing solar PV systems on terminal rooftops, parking structures, and unused land
• Developing on-site microgrids with battery storage to ensure energy resilience
• Signing power purchase agreements (PPAs) with off-site renewable energy providers
• Deploying smart building systems to optimize energy use based on passenger flows and operational demands

Long-term energy planning is essential as electrification increases demand. Airports that create integrated energy masterplans aligned with facility development timelines see the most success.

Step 2: Electrify Ground Support Equipment (GSE)

Ground support vehicles—baggage tractors, belt loaders, pushback tugs, and more—have traditionally run on diesel, contributing to emissions and local air pollution.

Benefits of full GSE electrification:

• Eliminates direct emissions
• Reduces air and noise pollution
• Cuts maintenance and fuel costs

However, this transition goes beyond purchasing electric vehicles. It requires:

• Robust charging infrastructure
• Adjusted operational schedules
• Updated maintenance protocols

Prioritizing high-use equipment can deliver the fastest and most measurable reductions.

Step 3: Establish Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Infrastructure

SAF is the most viable short-term solution for reducing aircraft emissions. While airlines procure the fuel, airports can accelerate SAF adoption by investing in enabling infrastructure.

Crucial airport initiatives include:

• Developing SAF storage and blending facilities
• Constructing segregated hydrant systems
• Creating joint financing models to distribute infrastructure costs

Forward-looking airports are also adapting fuel systems to support future hydrogen or electric aircraft—ensuring infrastructure investments are future-proof.

Step 4: Optimize Airfield Operations

Aircraft burn significant fuel during taxiing, especially at busy airports where ground delays stretch over 20 minutes.

Optimization strategies include:

• Coordinated aircraft movement via collaborative decision-making systems
• Reconfigured taxiways to shorten distances and eliminate bottlenecks
• Pre-conditioned air and ground power units to reduce auxiliary engine use
• Improved arrival/departure sequencing to cut queues and holding patterns
• These changes reduce emissions while improving runway capacity and turnaround times—a win-win.

Step 5: Build Zero-Carbon Terminal Infrastructure

Terminals are energy-intensive, with demands for heating, cooling, lighting, and passenger movement. New construction and retrofits present opportunities to embrace zero-carbon design.

Key features of sustainable terminals:

• Passive design (daylighting, ventilation, thermal mass)
• High-efficiency HVAC systems
• Intelligent lighting with motion and daylight sensors
• On-site renewables integrated into the architecture
• Low-carbon construction materials

When bundled into an integrated system, these features enable terminals to achieve net-zero—and even net-positive—energy performance.

Step 6: Enable Sustainable Ground Access

Emissions from passenger and employee travel to and from airports fall under Scope 3—and often go unaddressed. Forward-thinking airports are tackling this overlooked source through smarter ground access planning.

Effective approaches include:

• Expanding and enhancing public transport connectivity
• Installing EV charging stations and infrastructure
• Incentivizing alternative commuting options
• Creating remote check-in hubs linked to mass transit
• Supporting carpooling and rideshare programs tailored for airport users

Addressing ground access emissions not only lowers a facility’s carbon footprint but also improves user experience and reduces traffic congestion.

Conclusion

Decarbonization is more than a compliance checkbox—it’s a strategic imperative for future-ready airports. The six steps above aren’t just about incremental change. They represent systemic shifts with far-reaching benefits: reduced emissions, operational efficiency, cost savings, and stakeholder alignment.

As Roy Sebastian, CEO of GEMS, aptly states:

“Decarbonization in aviation isn’t just about reducing emissions—it’s about future-proofing airport operations. Airports that proactively invest in electrification, renewable energy and smart infrastructure won’t just meet regulatory targets; they’ll gain operational efficiency, cost savings and long-term resilience. The real challenge is integrating these solutions at scale while ensuring seamless coordination across stakeholders. The industry’s success will hinge on leadership that prioritizes sustainability as a core business strategy, not just a compliance measure.”

The path to low-carbon aviation starts on the ground—with bold airport leadership paving the way.

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